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In Genesis 3:19
we hear God tell us "for dust thou art, and into dust thou shalt return,"
but nowadays, when someone dies, they are rushed from deathbed to funeral
home to be embalmed and to be worked over by a make-up artist so that that
"dusty reality" is hidden from us. Their deaths are spoken of as almost an
embarrassment; "he passed," they say, or "he is no longer with us." These
comforting but sterile luxuries weren't an option in the past when plagues
felled so many people that there weren't enough survivors to bury them, when
bodies had to be stored all winter until the ground was soft enough to dig,
when most of the children a woman bore died before they were able to grow
up. In our culture, with our medicines and "funeral sciences," we are afraid
to look at death, and we are a poorer people because of it. No matter how
long science can prolong life, no matter how much embalming fluid is pumped
into a corpse, nature will have her way. This is Truth. And when nature has
her way, we can either rest in the knowledge that the ultimate Victor is
Christ, Our Lord, Who walked out of His tomb 2,000 years ago and offers
resurrection to us, or we can believe that decay is all that is left. This
is the meaning of Ash Wednesday.
Ash Wednesday is the day for being reminded of and contemplating our mortality,
of which Ecclesiasticus 1 reminds us:
What profit hath
a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? One generation passeth
away, and another generation cometh...
When a new Pope
processes to St. Peter's Basilica to offer his first Mass as Pope, the procession
stops three times and, at each stop, a piece of flax mounted on a reed is
burned. As the flames die, the Pope hears the words, "Pater sancte, sic transit
gloria mundi" ("Holy Father, thus passes the glory of the world"), to remind
him not only that he is a mere man, but as a man, a mere mortal whose end
is like the end of all other men. The things of this world are transient,
and Christians must always keep one eye on the world to come.
Recalling this Truth is one of the principles behind the use of ashes on
the forehead today: to remind us that we are mortal, subject to the rot and
decay our Western culture now desperately tries to euphemize away, and that
we are radically dependent on -- solely dependent on -- Jesus Christ
to overcome this fate.
They are like a yearly contemplation of the tombstone inscribed with:
Remember friends
as you pass by,
as you are now so once was I.
As I am now so you must be.
Prepare for death and follow me.
While death should,
of course, be avoided as the evil it is, we should accept the reality of
it with the attitude behind the words attributed to the great Sioux warrior,
Crazy Horse: "It is a good day to die" ("Hoka hey"). Death should not be
feared in itself; what should be approached with trepidation is the judgment
that follows -- not because God is a malicious Father who wants to inflict
pain, but because He is as just as He is merciful. We need to repent, accept
the reality of death, and not only consider our judgment, but be ready
for it.
The Blessing and Disposition of the Ashes
The ashes are made
by the burning of palms from last year's Palm Sunday -- palms that were waved
in victory and praise. That the ashes are made from burnt palms shows us
the link between victory, and penance and mortification which ashes have
always symbolized:
Job 42:6
Therefore I reprehend myself, and do penance in dust and ashes.
Before the Mass,
the blessing of the ashes begins with an antiphon and a verse of a psalm
begging God's grace and mercy. Then come four prayers which express what
the ashes symbolize:
1. To be a spiritual
help for all who confess their sins.
2. To secure pardon of sins for those who receive the ashes.
3. To give us the spirit of contrition.
4. To give us the grace and strength to do penance.
After the priest
sprinkles the ashes with holy water and incenses them, he puts some on his
own forehead, and then imposes the ashes on the people. In Latin countries,
such as Italy, this is done by sprinkling the ashes over the congregants.
In other places, including almost all of the English-speaking world, this
means that he will smear the ashes on the foreheads of those present, the
head being the seat of pride. He puts them on our foreheads in the shape
of a Cross to remind us of our hope, and as he does so, he says the words
of Genesis 3:
Meménto,
homo, quia pulvis es, et in púlverem revertéris
English:
Remember, man, that thou art dust, and unto dust thou shalt return.
We make no response
to these words; we simply return to our pews.
Following the disposition of the ashes come two Antiphons and a Response.
Then the priest says another prayer for protection in the coming combat,
and begins the Mass.
After we leave the church, we leave the ashes on our foreheads until they
wear off naturally from the course of the day's activities. They are a public
witness to those things our society does not wish to embrace: the reality
of death, penance for sin, and the hope of resurrection in Our Lord, Jesus
Christ.
Customs
In places where
palms can't be found for use on Palm Sunday,
it is often the custom for Ash Wednesday to bring pussy willow branches inside
and place them in vases of water -- in the same way that cherry branches
are brought in
 on the Feast of St. Barbara
-- so the catkins will bud and stay fresh for use in place of palms on the
Sunday before Easter. Even where palms are available, this is a lovely custom
that reminds us of where the Season of Lent is headed...
Because today begins the Lenten fast, a ritual is made in some places of
saying farewell to Carnival. All over Spain, this custom has -- paradoxically,
given the vast amounts of fish eaten during Lent -- come to include the burial
of the sardine -- "Entierro de la Sardina." A mock funeral is held with
"mourners," dressed in black and dramatically "weeping," forming a procession
through the streets behind a coffin carrying a poor little fish. This sardine
can be real or an effigy, life-sized or large, but once at its grave, it
is ceremoniously buried amid great "lamentations." This sort of ceremony
is held in other places on Holy Saturday,
when, for example, in Poland, a herring is buried to mark the end
of the Lenten fast -- and the end of endless fish dinners!
In many places in Italy, Lent is personified by the effigy of an old woman
that is displayed during Lent, and then burned at the stake (sometimes after
a "trial") at the end of the season. One such custom is that of hanging the
effigy from a rope between two balconies all throughout the Lenten season,
and attaching to it a bottle of wine, an orange, and six cookies -- one of
which is removed on each of the six Sundays of Lent until no more remain.
Such a custom serves as a way to mark the time 'til Easter, in the same way
that Advent calendars do for Christmas. A family could get very imaginative
here and think of other ways to count down the days of penance. One could
have a system of counting down the forty-six days of Lent (from Ash Wednesday
to Holy Saturday, inclusive), the six Sundays of Lent, or what not. Or one
could simply hang a little "Lent
calendar" (will open in new browser window) on the fridge and let the
children place a sticker on each day as it ends.
Most importantly, today is a day of fasting and abstinence, a day to recall
the most profound truths of our existence. During the day today (everyday,
actually), meditate on the fact of your mortality -- what it means, and how
to avoid eternal death by believing, repenting, and obeying the Father. Consider
the image of a sparrow in Winter used by the Venerable Bede (d. 735) in the
thirteenth chapter of the second book of his Ecclesiastical History of the
English People. Bede attributes the following words to one of King Edwin's
men who was trying to convince the King to listen to the Gospel that was
being preached:
 The present life of man,
O king, seems to me, in comparison of that time which is unknown to us, like
to the swift flight of a sparrow through the room wherein you sit at supper
in winter, with your commanders and ministers, and a good fire in the midst,
whilst the storms of rain and snow prevail abroad; the sparrow, I say, flying
in at one door, and immediately out at another, whilst he is within, is safe
from the wintry storm; but after a short space of fair weather, he immediately
vanishes out of your sight, into the dark winter from which he had emerged.
So this life of man appears for a short space, but of what went before, or
what is to follow, we are utterly ignorant. If, therefore, this new doctrine
contains something more certain, it seems justly to deserve to be
followed.
A few readings
for you to consider are the poem "His Meditation Upon Death" by Robert Herrick
(A.D. 1591-1674) and Thomas á Kempis's "Meditation on Death" from
his "The Imitation of Christ." This last can be downloaded in Microsoft Word
.doc format (2 pages) here. For a blast
of reality from pop culture, listen to William Shatner's
"You're Gonna Die" (MP3).
For the metal-lovers out there, check out Black Label Society's "Life, Birth,
Blood, Doom" track.
Reading
His Meditation
Upon Death
by Robert Herrick
Be those
few hours, which I have yet to spend,
Blest with the meditation of my end :
Though they be few in number, I'm content :
If otherwise, I stand indifferent.
Nor makes it matter Nestor's years to tell,
If man lives long, and if he live not well.
A multitude of days still heaped on,
Seldom brings order, but confusion.
Might I make choice, long life should be withstood;
Nor would I care how short it were, if good :
Which to effect, let ev'ry passing-bell
Possess my thoughts, “next comes my doleful knell”;
And when the night persuades me to my bed,
I'll think I'm going to be buried.
So shall the blankets which come over me
Present those turfs which once must cover me :
And with as firm behaviour I will meet
The sheet I sleep in as my winding-sheet.
When sleep shall bathe his body in mine eyes,
I will believe that then my body dies :
And if I chance to wake and rise thereon,
I'll have in mind my resurrection
Which must produce me to that General Doom,
To which the peasant, so the prince, must come,
To hear the Judge give sentence on the throne,
Without the least hope of affection.
Tears, at that day, shall make but weak defence,
When hell and horror fright the conscience.
Let me, though late, yet at the last, begin
To shun the least temptation to a sin;
Though to be tempted be no sin, until
Man to th' alluring object gives his will.
Such let my life assure me, when my breath
Goes thieving from me, I am safe in death;
Which is the height of comfort : when I fall,
I rise triumphant in my funeral.
Meditation on
Death
Chapter 23 of "The Imitation of Christ"
By Thomas á Kempis (d. A.D. 1471)
Very soon the end
of your life will be at hand: consider, therefore, the state of your soul.
Today a man is here; tomorrow he is gone.(I Machabees 2:63) And when he is
out of sight, he is soon out of mind. Oh, how dull and hard is the heart
of man, which thinks only of the present, and does not provide against the
future! You should order your every deed and thought, as though today were
the day of your death. Had you a good conscience, death would hold no terrors
for you; (Luke 12:37) even so, it were better to avoid sin than to escape
death. (Wisdom 4:16) If you are not ready to die today, will tomorrow find
you better prepared? (Matthew 24:44) Tomorrow is uncertain; and how can you
be sure of tomorrow? Of what use is a long life, if we amend so little? Alas,
a long life often adds to our sins rather than to our virtue!
Would to God that we might spend a single day really well! Many recount the
years since their conversion, but their lives show little sign of improvement.
If it is dreadful to die, it is perhaps more dangerous to live long. Blessed
is the man who keeps the hour of his death always in mind, and daily prepares
himself to die. If you have ever seen anyone die, remember that you, too,
must travel the same road.(Hebrews 9:27)
Each morning remember that you may not live until evening; and in the evening,
do not presume to promise yourself another day. Be ready at all times, (Luke
21:36) and so live that death may never find you unprepared. Many die suddenly
and unexpectedly; for at an hour that we do not know the Son of Man will
come. (Matthew 24:44) When your last hour strikes, you will begin to think
very differently of your past life, and grieve deeply that you have been
so careless and remiss.
Happy and wise is he who endeavours to be during his life as he wishes to
be found at his death. For these things will afford us sure hope of a happy
death; perfect contempt of the world; fervent desire to grow in holiness;
love of discipline; the practice of penance; ready obedience; self-denial;
the bearing of every trial for the love of Christ. While you enjoy health,
you can do much good; but when sickness comes, little can be done. Few are
made better by sickness, and those who make frequent pilgrimages seldom acquire
holiness by so doing.
Do not rely on friends and neighbours, and do not delay the salvation of
your soul to some future date, for men will forget you sooner than you think.
It is better to make timely provision and to acquire merit in this life,
than to depend on the help of others. And if you have no care for your own
soul, who will have care for you in time to come? The present time is most
precious; now is the accepted time, now is the day of salvation. (2 Corinthians
6:2) It is sad that you do not employ your time better, when you may win
eternal life hereafter. The time will come when you will long for one day
or one hour in which to amend; and who knows whether it will be granted?
Dear soul, from what peril and fear you could free yourself, if you lived
in holy fear, mindful of your death. Apply yourself so to live now, that
at the hour of death, you may be glad and unafraid. Learn now to die to the
world, that you may begin to live with Christ. (Romans 6:8) Learn now to
despise ail earthly things, that you may go freely to Christ. Discipline
your body now by penance, that you may enjoy a sure hope of salvation.
Foolish man, how can you promise yourself a long life, when you are not certain
of a single day? (Luke 12:20) How many have deceived themselves in this way,
and been snatched unexpectedly from life! You have often heard how this man
was slain by the sword; another drowned; how another fell from a high place
and broke his neck; how another died at table how another met his end in
play. One perishes by fire, another by the sword, another from disease, another
at the hands of robbers. Death is the end of all men (Ecclesiasticus 7:2)
and the life of man passes away suddenly as a shadow.(Psalm 38:7; 143:4)
Who will remember you when you are dead? Who will pray for you? Act now,
dear soul; do all you can; for you know neither the hour of your death, nor
your state after death. While you have time, gather the riches of everlasting
life. (Luke 12:33; Galatians 6:8) Think only of your salvation, and care
only for the things of God. Make friends now, by honouring the Saints of
God and by following their example, that when this life is over, they may
welcome you to your eternal home.(Luke 16:9)
Keep yourself a stranger and pilgrim upon earth, (I Peter 2:11), to whom
the affairs of this world are of no concern. Keep your heart free and lifted
up to God, for here you have no abiding city.(Hebrews13:14) Daily direct
your prayers and longings to Heaven, that at your death your soul may merit
to pass joyfully into the presence of God. |
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