``Where the
Bishop is, there let the multitude of believers be;
even as where Jesus is, there is the Catholic Church'' Ignatius of
Antioch, 1st c. A.D
The Baptism
of Our Lord Jesus Christ
With this Feast, Christmas ends liturgically, though it
continues on in spirit and as a liturgical cycle until Candlemas when we recall
Mary's post-birth Purification and Our Lord's Presentation in the
Temple.
On this, the Octave of the Epiphany, we continue to focus on the
Mysteries that entered our hearts on Twelfthnight
and the Epiphany, but today more specifically with regard to the
Baptism of Jesus by St. John the Baptist in the River Jordan. He Whose
birth we just celebrated now shows us how to be born again or
"born from above."
The marvelling at the Theophany continues in pondering the meaning of
His Baptism, a meaning made more apparent by the Gradual, Alleluia,
Offertory, Preface, and Communion prayers of today's Mass, all of which
allude to the Magi and their recognition of Jesus as King and God. The
Gospel reading comes from the first chapter of John, verses 29-34:
The next day,
John saw Jesus coming to him, and he saith: Behold the Lamb of God,
behold Him Who taketh away the sin of the world. This is He, of
whom I said: After me there cometh a man, who is preferred before me:
because He was before me. And I knew Him not, but that He may be made
manifest in Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.
And John gave testimony, saying: I saw the Spirit coming down, as a
dove from heaven, and He remained upon him. And I knew Him not; but He
Who sent me to baptize with water, said to me: He upon Whom thou shalt
see the Spirit descending, and remaining upon Him, He it is that
baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. And I saw, and I gave testimony, that
this is the Son of God.
St. John the Baptist, the
prophet whom prophets foretold, heralded the Christ during Advent, and
now, at the end of the liturgical Christmas season, gives testimony
once again. He gives this witness not only by being in the spirit of
Elias (IV Kings 1:3-8), but by the place he chose as the site of his
baptisms: the River Jordan, where Elias (Elijah) was last seen before
he was taken up to Heaven, and the waters of which were healed by
Elias's son, Eliseus (Elisha):
IV Kings
2:11-19-22
And as they [Elias and Eliseus] went on, walking and talking together,
behold a fiery chariot, and fiery horses parted them both asunder: and
Elias went up by a whirlwind into heaven. And Eliseus saw him, and
cried: My father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the driver
thereof. And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own garments,
and rent them in two pieces. And he took up the mantle of Elias, that
fell from him: and going back, he stood upon the bank of the Jordan,
And he struck the waters with the mantle of Elias, that had fallen from
him, and they were not divided. And he said: Where is now the God of
Elias? And he struck the waters, and they were divided, hither and
thither, and Eliseus passed over...
...And the men of the city said to Eliseus: Behold the situation of
this city is very good, as thou, my lord, seest: but the waters are
very bad, and the ground barren. And he said: Bring me a new vessel,
and put salt into it. And when they had brought it, He went out to the
spring of the waters, and cast the salt into it, and said: Thus saith
the Lord: I have healed these waters, and there shall be no more in
them death or barrenness. And the waters were healed unto this day,
according to the word of Eliseus, which he spoke.
But more
importantly than this witness, the Father Himself and the Holy Ghost
give testimony. St. Matthew's account of this Divine testimony is more
explicit. From the third chapter of his Gospel:
And Jesus being
baptized, forthwith came out of the water: and lo, the heavens were
opened to him: and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and
coming upon him. And behold a voice from heaven, saying: This is my
beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.
Consider the
scene and reflect on how the "Spirit of God moved over the waters" in
the first day of creation (Genesis 2). And consider how the Father's
revelation
of Christ's glory was predicted in Isaias 40:3-5: 3
The voice of one
crying in the desert: Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in
the wilderness the paths of our God. Every valley shall be exalted, and
every mountain and hill shall be made low, and the crooked shall become
straight, and the rough ways plain. And the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed, and all flesh together shall see, that the mouth of
the Lord hath spoken.
This Feast is
like that of the Pentecost in
its revelation of the Trinity, and even more is it like the Feast of the Transfiguration
which commemorates the events that took place on Mt. Tabor, when
Christ's Divinity was evident in His glorious Light, when the bright
cloud overshadowed Him, and when the words of the Father echoed what
was heard at the River Jordan:
Matthew 17:1-5
And after six days Jesus taketh unto him Peter and James, and John his
brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart: And He was
transfigured before them. And His Face did shine as the sun: and His
garments became white as snow. And behold there appeared to them Moses
and Elias talking with Him. And Peter answering, said to Jesus: Lord,
it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three
tabernacles, one for Thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. And as
he was yet speaking, behold a bright cloud overshadowed them. And lo, a
voice out of the cloud, saying: This is My beloved Son, in whom I am
well pleased: hear ye Him.
This Divine
manifestation helps explain why Jesus -- the Sinless One, the Pure and
Unspotted Lamb -- would be baptized at all: so that He would be known
for Who He is, so that He would be made manifest.
In addition to this reason, St. Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), in his Summa
Theologica, gives us three other reasons for the fittingness of St.
John baptizing Christ. One is so that Christ might sanctify Baptism, a
sentiment expressed by St. John Chrysostom (d. 407) when he wrote "In
truth, Christ needed not baptism, neither his nor any other; but rather
baptism needed the power of Christ." Another is so that John, by
baptizing, "might accustom men to the Baptism of Christ." And the last
is so that "by persuading men to do penance, he might prepare men to
receive worthily the baptism of Christ." Here he quotes the Venerable
Bede:
...the baptism of
John was as profitable before the baptism of Christ, as instruction in
the faith profits the catechumens not yet baptized. For just as he
preached penance, and foretold the baptism of Christ, and drew men to
the knowledge of the Truth that hath appeared to the world, so do the
ministers of the Church, after instructing men, chide them for their
sins, and lastly promise them forgiveness in the baptism of Christ.
Some music for the day: Bach's Christ, unser Herr, zum Jordan kam
(Christ, our Lord, came to Jordan) (BWV7):
To give you
things to think about this day, I present two hymns by St. Ephraem. The
first concerns Jesus and John, and the second is here to help you
appreciate your own Baptism.
Reading
Hymn XIV
Hymn Concerning Our Lord and St. John
By St. Ephraem (d. 373)
Response: Glory
to Thee, my Lord, for Thee with joy Heaven and earth worship!
1. My thought bore me to Jordan, and I saw a marvel when there was
revealed the glorious Bridegroom Who to the Bride shall bring freedom
and holiness.
2. I saw John filled with wonder, and the multitudes standing about
him, and the glorious Bridegroom bowed down to the son of the barren
that he might baptize Him.
3. At the Word and the Voice my thought marvelled: for lo! John was the
Voice; our Lord was manifested as the Word, that what was hidden should
become revealed.
4. The Bride was espoused but knew not who was the Bridegroom on whom
she gazed: the guests were assembled, the desert was filled, and our
Lord was hidden among them.
5. Then the Bridegroom revealed Himself; and to John at the voice He
drew near: and the Forerunner was moved and said of Him "This is the
Bridegroom Whom I proclaimed."
6. He came to baptism Who baptizes all, and He showed Himself at
Jordan. John saw Him and drew back, deprecating, and thus he spake:
7. "How, my Lord, willest Thou to be baptized, Thou Who in Thy baptism
atonest all? Baptism looks unto Thee; shed Thou on it holiness and
perfection?"
8. Our Lord said "I will it so; draw near, baptize Me that My Will may
be done. Resist My Will thou canst not: I shall be baptized of thee,
for thus I will it."
9. "I entreat, my Lord, that I be not compelled,-for this is hard that
Thou hast said to me, 'I have need that thou shouldst baptize Me;' for
it is Thou that with Thy hyssop purifiest all."
10. "I have asked it, and it pleases Me that thus it should be; and
thou, John, why gainsayest thou? Suffer righteousness to be fulfilled,
and come, baptize Me; why standest Thou?"
11. "How can one openly grasp in his hands the fire that burns? O Thou
that art fire have mercy on me, and bid me not come near Thee, for it
is hard for me!"
12. "I have revealed to Thee My Will; what questionest thou? Draw near,
baptize Me, and thou shalt not be burned. The bridechamber is ready;
keep Me not back from the wedding feast that has been made ready."
13. "The Watchers fear and dare not gaze on Thee lest they be blinded;
and I, how, O my Lord, shall I baptize Thee? I am too weak to draw
near; blame me not!"
14. "Thou fearest; therefore gainsay not-against My Will in what I
desire: and Baptism has respect unto Me. Accomplish the work to
which thou hast been called!"
15. "Lo! I proclaimed Thee at Jordan in the ears of the people that
believed not and if they shall see Thee baptized of me, they will doubt
that Thou art the Lord."
16. "Lo! I am to be baptized in their sight, and the Father Who sent Me
bears witness of Me that I am His Son and in Me He is well pleased, to
reconcile Adam who was under His wrath."
17. "It becomes, me. O my Lord, to know my nature that I am moulded out
of the ground, and Thou the moulder Who formest all things: I, then,
why should I baptize Thee in water?"
18. "It becomes thee to know wherefore I am come, and for what cause I
have desired that thou shouldst baptize Me. It is the middle of the way
wherein I have walked; withhold thou not Baptism."
19. "Small is the river whereto Thou art come, that Thou shouldst lodge
therein and it should cleanse Thee. The heavens suffice not for Thy
mightiness; how much less shall Baptism contain Thee!"
20. "The womb is smaller than Jordan; yet was I willing to lodge in the
Virgin: and as I was born from woman, so too am I to be baptized in
Jordan."
21. "Lo! the hosts are standing! the ranks of Watchers, lo! they
worship And if I draw near, my Lord, to baptize Thee, I tremble for
myself with quaking."
22. "The hosts and multitudes call thee happy, all of them, for that
thou baptizest Me. For this I have chosen thee from the womb: fear thou
not, for I have willed it
23. "I have prepared the way as I was sent:-I have betrothed the Bride
as I was commanded. May Thy Epiphany be spread over the world now that
Thou art come, and let me not baptize Thee!"
24. "This is My preparation, for so have I willed; I will go down and
be baptized in Jordan, and make bright the armour for them that are
baptized, that they may be white in Me and I not be conquered."
25. "Son of the Father, why should I baptize Thee? for lo! Thou art in
Thy Father and Thy Father in Thee. Holiness unto the priests Thou
givest; water that is common wherefore askest Thou?"
26. "The children of Adam look unto Me, that I should work for them the
new birth. A way in the waters I will search out for them, and if I be
not baptized this cannot be."
27. "Pontiffs of Thee are consecrated, priests by Thy hyssop are
purified; the anointed and the kings Thou makest. Baptism, how shall it
profit Thee?"
28. "The Bride thou betrothedst to Me awaits Me, that I should go down,
be baptized, and sanctify her. Friend of the Bridegroom withhold Me not
from the washing that awaits Me."
29. "I am not able, for I am weak, Thy blaze in my hands to grasp. Lo!
Thy legions are as flame; bid one of the Watchers baptize Thee!"
30. "Not from the Watchers was My Body assumed, that I should summon a
Watcher to baptize Me. The body of Adam, lo! I have put on, and thou,
son of Adam, art to baptize Me."
31. "The waters saw Thee, and greatly feared ; the waters saw Thee, and
lo! they tremble! The river foams in its terror; and I that am weak,
how shall I baptize Thee?"
32. "The waters in My Baptism are sanctified, and fire and the Spirit
from Me shall they receive; and if I be not baptized they are not made
perfect to be fruitful of children that shall not die."
33. "Fire, if to Thy fire it draw near, shall be burnt up of it as
stubble. The mountains of Sinai endured Thee not, and I that am weak,
wherein shall I baptize Thee?"
34. "I am the flaming fire; yet for man's sake I became a babe in the
virgin womb of the maiden. And now I am to be baptized in Jordan."
35. "It is very meet that Thou shouldst baptize me, for Thou hast
holiness to purify all. In Thee it is that the defiled are made holy;
but Thou that art holy, why art Thou to be baptized?"
36. "It is very right that thou shouldst baptize Me, as I bid, and
shouldst not gainsay. Lo! I baptized thee within the womb; baptize thou
me in Jordan!"
37. "I am a bondman and I am weak. Thou that freest all have mercy on
me! Thy latchets to unloose I am not able; Thy exalted head who will
make me worthy to touch?"
38. "Bondmen in My Baptism are set free; handwritings in My washing are
blotted out; manumissions in the water are sealed; and if I be not
baptized all these come to nought."
39. "A mantle of fire the air wears, and waits for Thee, above Jordan;
and if Thou consentest to it and willest to be baptized, Thou shall
baptize Thyself and fulfil all."
40. "This is meet, that thou shouldst baptize Me, that none may err and
say concerning Me, 'Had He not been alien from the Father's house, why
feared the Levite to baptize Him?' "
41. "The prayer, then, when Thou art baptized, how shall I complete
over Jordan? When the Father and the Spirit are seen over Thee, Whom
shall I call on, as priest?"
42. "The prayer in silence is to be completed: come, thy hand alone lay
thou on Me. and the Father shall utter in the priest's stead that which
is meet concerning His Son."
43. "They that are bidden, lo! all of them stand; the Bridegroom's
guests, lo! they bear witness that day by day I said among them, 'I am
the Voice and not the Word.' "
44. "Voice of him that cries in the wilderness, fulfil thou the work
for which thou camest, that the desert whereunto thou wentest out may
resound with the mighty peace thou preachedst therein."
45. "The shout of the Watchers has come to my ears; lo! I hear from the
Father's house the hosts that sound forth the cry, 'In Thy Epiphany, O
Bridegroom, the worlds have life.' "
46. "The time hastes on, and the marriage guests-look to Me to see what
is doing. Come, baptize Me, that they may give praise to the Voice of
the Father when it is heard!"
47. "I hearken, my Lord, according to Thy Word: come to Baptism as Thy
love constrains Thee! The dust worships that whereunto he has attained,
that on Him Who fashioned him he should lay his hand."
48. The heavenly ranks were silent as they stood, and the Bridegroom
went down into Jordan; the Holy One was baptized and straightway went
up, and His Light shone forth on the world.
49. The doors of the highest were opened above, and the voice of the
Father was heard," This is my Beloved in Whom I am well pleased." All
ye peoples, come and worship Him.
50. They that saw were amazed as they stood, at the Spirit Who came
down and bare witness to Him. Praise to Thy Epiphany that gladdens all,
Thou in Whose revelation the worlds are lightened!
Hymn XIII
Hymn of the Baptized By St. Ephraem (d. 373)
Response:
Brethren, sing praises, to the Son of the Lord of all; Who has bound
for you crowns, such as kings long for!
1. Your garments glisten, my brethren, as snow; and fair is your
shining in the likeness of Angels!
2. In the likeness of Angels, ye have come up, beloved, from Jordan's
river, in the armour of the Holy Ghost.
3. The bridal chamber that fails not, my brethren, ye have received:
and the glory of Adam's house today ye have put on.
4. The judgment that came of the fruit, was Adam's condemnation: but
for you victory, has arisen this day.
5. Your vesture is shining, and goodly your crowns: which the Firstborn
has bound for you, by the priest's hand this day. Woe in Paradise, did
Adam receive: but you have received, glory this day.
7. The armour of victory, ye put on, my beloved: in the hour when the
priest, invoked the Holy Ghost.
8. The Angels rejoice, men here below exult: in your feast, my
brethren, wherein is no foulness.
9. The good things of Heaven, my brethren, ye have received: beware of
the Evil One, lest he despoil you.
10. The day when He dawned, the Heavenly King: opens for you His door,
and bids you enter Eden.
11. Crowns that fade not away, are set on your heads: hymns of praise
hourly, let your mouths sing.
12. Adam by means of the fruit, God cast forth in sorrow: but you He
makes glad, in the bridechamber of joy.
13. Who would not rejoice, in your bridechamber, my brethren? for the
Father with His Son, and the Spirit rejoice in you.
14. Unto you shall the Father, be a wall of strength: and the Son a
Redeemer, and the Spirit a guard.
15. Martyrs by their blood, glorify their crowns: but you our Redeemer,
by His Blood glorifies.
16. Watchers and Angels, joy over the repentant: they shall joy over
you my brethren, that unto them ye are made like.
17. The fruit which Adam, tasted not in Paradise: this day in your
mouths, has been placed with joy.
18. Our Redeemer figured, His Body by the tree: whereof Adam tasted
not, because he had sinned.
19. The Evil One made war, and subdued Adam's house: through your
baptism, my brethren, lo! he is subdued this day.
20. Great is the victory, but today you have won: if so be ye neglect
not, you shall not perish, my brethren.
21. Glory to them that are robed, glory to Adam's house! in the birth
that is from the water, let them rejoice and be blessed!
22. Praise to Him Who has robed, His Churches in glory! glory to Him
Who has magnified, the race of Adam's house.
