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Christ is in His tomb. Rather, His Body is in the tomb, but when His Soul
left His Body, He descended into Hell to "free the captives." "Hell" here
refers to the place of the dead in general ("Sheol" in the Hebrew, or "Hades"
in the Greek), not to the place of torment with which the word "Hell" is
most usually associated with today. The world "Hell" in the loosest, earliest
sense
includes:
-
the Limbo of the
Fathers, the place for those who were righteous by charity and faith in the
coming Messias and who died before His Coming
-
the Limbo of Infants,
where, possibly, those who are sent who die without personal guilt but without
Baptism after the time of Christ, or who died without charity and faith in
the coming Messias before the time of Christ. This would be a place of beautiful,
natural happiness, no punishment, and no sensible suffering.
-
Purgatory, where
righteous people go to be cleansed of the temporal effects of their sins
-
Gehenna, the "Hell
of the Lost," the eternal place of punishment for the damned, the place we
usually refer to as simply "Hell" today
It was to the Limbo
of the Fathers that Christ descended, a place of the dead that was emptied
through His Passion, Resurrection and Ascension, and no longer exists. By
this "Harrowing of Hell," as His Descent is sometimes called, the doors to
Heaven were swung open so that those who die in a state of grace may enter
in, alleluia! Adam, Eve, Noe, Abraham, Moses, the good thief on the cross
-- all the righteous were illuminated by the Presence of Christ in the place
of death, making Sheol itself a paradise. They remained there with Him until
His Bodily Resurrection when the the "bars of Hell" were broken down and
they were later able to enter into Heaven itself with His glorious
Ascension.
Today a great silence
reigns on earth, a great silence and a great stillness. A great silence because
the King is asleep. The earth trembled and is still because God has fallen
asleep in the flesh and he has raised up all who have slept ever since the
world began... ..He has gone to search for Adam, our first father, as for
a lost sheep. Greatly desiring to visit those who live in darkness and in
the shadow of death, he has gone to free from sorrow Adam in his bonds and
Eve, captive with him -- He who is both their God and the son of Eve.. "I
am your God, who for your sake have become your son... ...I order you, O
sleeper, to awake. I did not create you to be a prisoner in hell. Rise from
the dead, for I am the life of the dead." [Ancient Homily for Holy Saturday:
PG 43, 440A, 452C; LH, Holy Saturday, OR]
Because of this
great silence, today there will be no Mass (until the Vigil Mass tonight,
which technically is Easter); instead, there is a solemn service. Today is
traditionally a day of abstinence in addition to being a day of fasting,
until the Vigil Mass, when the Lenten Fast ends. Though this fasting requirement
was abolished in the new Code of Canon Law, traditional Catholics follow
the traditional practice. In some churches today, priests will bless Easter
baskets containing the foods eaten tomorrow (in other places, the baskets
will be blessed after the liturgy tomorrow). Baskets bearing Easter bread,
Easter eggs, meats, butter, horseradish, and salt are brought to church,
blessed, and taken home to await the great feast tomorrow (see the
Easter Day page for more
information).
As said, in the evening -- very late in the evening -- there will be a true
Mass, the Vigil Mass that begins Easter -- a most joyous Mass during which
Catechumens are baptized into the Church (neither the Creed nor Offertory
are said) and the alleluia returns. This is a Mass that must be experienced!
It is a very long service, but so beautiful, and when it is finished, Easter
is here and the somberness that began on Good Friday is over; candles may
be relit at home, music can be restored to the house, etc. The Vigil Mass
starts in darkness; the lights of the church are extinguished. Then comes
the Blessing of the New Fire and Blessing of the Paschal Candle: outdoors,
if possible, the priest, wearing an amice, alb, stole and purple cope, blesses
the new fire with Holy Water and prayer. This new fire is a symbol of Christ
Who enlightens us.
The acolyte will then fill the thurible with some of the coals from the fire,
and the priest will fill it with incense and incense the new fire. The priest
then carves into the wax of the Paschal candle the following: a Cross, the
Alpha and Omega signs, and the year. 5 grains of incense symbolizing the
5 wounds of Christ are fixed into the candle, which is lit from the new fire.
These incisions in the wax will follow the pattern below (see the page on
Easter Sunday for more information
on the Paschal candle itself):
When we re-enter
the church, we all light our own candles from the Paschal Candle, which is
then put in its place in the sanctuary, incensed, and will remain in the
church until the Feast of the Ascension.
At this point, the deacon will sing the joyous song of praise which is the
Proclamation of Easter -- the Exúltet (or
"Praeconium").
Note that during the Exúltet, you will hear the words "felix culpa,"
which mean "happy fault." This refers to the line before it, "O truly needful
sin of Adam, which was blotted out by the death of Christ." It means that
without Adam's sin, we would've not been sent the Redeemer. Adam and Eve
would've lived in an earthly paradise without death -- but also without Heaven
and without being able to share in the Divine life on earth. You will also
hear repeated the words "This is the night..." Note, too, the beautiful praise
of bees:
Therefore, on this
sacred night, receive, holy Father, the flame of this evening sacrifice,
which holy Church presents to Thee by the hands of Thy ministers
 in the
solemn offering of this Candle of wax, the work of bees. Now we know the
excellence of this pillar, which the glowing fire enkindles to the glory
of God. Which, although divied into parts, suffers no loss from its light
being borrowed. For it is nourished by the melting wax, which the mother
bee produced for the substance of this precious lamp.
After four (very,
very) long readings, called the Lessons, which are a basic review
of salvation History, any catechumens are baptized, and all the previously
baptized renew their Baptismal promises. It begins when we recite the
Litany of the Saints, but stop halfway
through, after the prayer to "All ye holy Virgins and Widows, All ye holy
Saints of God" (you can download this Litany, in Microsoft Word .doc format,
in English or in
Latin).
At this point, the Baptismal waters are blessed,
with the Easter Candle being dipped into it three times, and the priest blowing
his breath over it three times in the shape of the Cross. This breathing
over the waters recalls the Spirit over the waters at Creation, and the Spirit
(wind, breath, "ruach") causing the waters of Noe's flood to subside, and
how the Spirit was manifest as a dove over the waters of the Jordan at
Christ's Baptism.
Then follow the Baptism of the Catechumens and the renewal of the baptismal
promises of the already-baptized. We renew those promises by answering the
questions (as a group) posed in the Renunciation of Satan and in the Profession
of Faith in the Baptismal Rite. The Pater
is recited, followed by a prayer that God keeps us in Christ. This is followed
by a sprinkling of the congregation with the baptismal waters, and then finishing
the Litany of All Saints.
After this, the end of Lent is signalled: the Gloria and alleluia return
-- and when they do, the statues are unveiled, the church lit up, the bells,
said to have flown to Rome on Maundy Thursday, now have begun to finish their
flight home and peal wildly... It is a truly glorious moment!
The building of great fires, the lighting of
candles, and other means of illumination are the greatest symbol of Christ
after the Vigil. If possible, relight the candles you have burning before
icons on your family altar with fire from the New Fire, and keep the flame
alive all year until next Good Friday. If you can't make it to the Vigil
Mass, praying around bonfires is the next best thing. This poem by the poet
Prudentius (b. 348) sums up the Christian attitude toward light as a symbol
of Christ on this night and on Easter Sunday:
Inventor
rutilis
Eternal God, O Lord of Light,
Who hast created day and night:
The sun has set, and shadows deep
Now over land and waters creep;
But darkness must not reign today:
Grant us the light of Christ, we pray.
Customs
In some places,
a ceremony is made of having a mock funeral for Lent on this day after the
Vigil. In Poland, for example, a real or wooden herring is "mourned" and
buried in a "good riddance!" gesture that acknowledges the end of Lent and
the return of feasting! 1 In other
places, Judas is burned in effigy -- often life-sized -- in these Easter
fires or is blown up by pyrotechnics, as in some parts of Mexico! On a purely
natural level (and though this isn't a "Catholic custom" per se), it might
be a reassuring practice for families to write down their cares, problems,
bad memories, past hurts, and such, and toss them into the flames, too.
Also, parishes and families who've literally "buried the alleluia" on
Septuagesima Sunday now dig it up again.
As to foods, a fun cookie to make tonight to eat tomorrow morning are
Resurrection Cookies, a cookie that will help your children get a "hands-on"
Bible lesson. Below is the recipe as taken from the Internet and
"Catholicized":
Resurrection
Cookies
1 cup whole pecans
1 tsp vinegar, plus some for your children to taste
3 egg whites
pinch salt, plus some for your children to taste
1 cup sugar, plus some for your children to taste
Tools: rolling pin or wooden spoon, plastic baggie with a zipper-lock, scotch
tape, Douay-Rheims Bible
Preheat oven to 300 degrees F. (this in important - don't wait until you
are halfway done with the recipe!) Place pecans in the plastic baggie and
let children beat them with a rolling pin or wooden spoon to break into small
pieces. Explain that after Jesus was arrested He was beaten by the Roman
soldiers. Read John 19:1-3: "And they came to him, and said: Hail, king of
the Jews; and they gave him blows."
Let each child smell and taste some vinegar. Put vinegar into mixing bowl.
Explain that when Jesus was thirsty on the cross He was given vinegar to
drink. Read John 19:28-30. "Afterwards, Jesus knowing that all things were
now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, said: I thirst.
Now there was a vessel set there full of vinegar. And they, putting a sponge
full of vinegar and hyssop, put it to his mouth. Jesus therefore, when he
had taken the vinegar, said: It is consummated. And bowing his head, he gave
up the ghost."
Add egg whites to vinegar. Eggs represent life. Explain that Jesus gave His
life to give us life. Read John 10:10-11 "The thief cometh not, but for to
steal, and to kill, and to destroy. I am come that they may have life, and
may have it more abundantly. I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd giveth
his life for his sheep."
Sprinkle a little salt into each child's hand. Let them taste it as you put
the tsp. salt into the bowl and explain that this represents the salty tears
shed by Jesus' followers, and the bitterness of our own sin. Read Luke 23:27
"And there followed him a great multitude of people, and of women, who bewailed
and lamented him."
Beat with a mixer on high speed for 12 to 15 minutes until stiff peaks are
formed. Explain that the color white represents the purity in God's eyes
of those whose sins have been cleansed by Jesus. Read Isaias 1:18, " And
then come, and accuse me, saith the Lord: if your sins be as scarlet, they
shall be made as white as snow: and if they be red as crimson, they shall
be white as wool."
So far the ingredients are not very appetizing. Add the sugar to the egg
whites, and give some for your children to taste. Explain that the sweetest
part of the story is that Jesus died because He loves us He wants us to know
and belong to Him. Read Psalm 33:9 (34:8 in Bibles with Masoretic
numbering) and John 3:16. "O taste, and see that the Lord is sweet:
blessed is the man that hopeth in him... ...For God so loved the world, as
to give his only begotten Son; that whosoever believeth in him, may not perish,
but may have life everlasting."
Then read John 3:1-3, "And there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus,
a ruler of the Jews. 2 This man came to Jesus by night, and said to him:
Rabbi, we know that thou art come a teacher from God; for no man can do these
signs which thou dost, unless God be with him." Fold in broken nuts. Drop
by teaspoons onto wax paper covered cookie sheet (do not use a baking stone!).
Explain that each mound represents the rocky tomb where Jesus' body was laid.
Read Mathew 27:57-60 "And when it was evening, there came a certain rich
man of Arimathea, named Joseph, who also himself was a disciple of Jesus.
He went to Pilate, and asked the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded that
the body should be delivered. And Joseph taking the body, wrapped it up in
a clean linen cloth. And laid it in his own new monument, which he had hewed
out in a rock. And he rolled a great stone to the door of the monument, and
went his way."
Put the cookie sheet in the oven, close the door and turn the oven OFF. Give
each child a piece of tape and seal the oven door.Explain that Jesus' tomb
was sealed.
Read Matthew 27:65-66 "Pilate saith to them: You have a guard; go, guard
it as you know. And they departing, made the sepulchre sure, sealing the
stone, and setting guards."
GO TO BED! Explain that they may feel sad to leave the cookies in the oven
overnight. Jesus' followers were in despair when the tomb was sealed.
Read John 16:20-22 "Amen, amen I say to you, that you shall lament and weep,
but the world shall rejoice; and you shall be made sorrowful, but your sorrow
shall be turned into joy. A woman, when she is in labour, hath sorrow, because
her hour is come; but when she hath brought forth the child, she remembereth
no more the anguish, for joy that a man is born into the world. So also you
now indeed have sorrow; but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice;
and your joy no man shall take from you."
On Easter morning, open the oven and give everyone a cookie. Notice the cracked
surface and take a bite. The cookies are hollow! On the first Easter Jesus'
followers were amazed to find the tomb open and empty.
Read Matthew 28:1-9 "And in the end of the sabbath, when it began to dawn
towards the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalen and the other Mary,
to see the sepulchre. And behold there was a great earthquake. For an angel
of the Lord descended from heaven, and coming, rolled back the stone, and
sat upon it. And his countenance was as lightning, and his raiment as snow.
And for fear of him, the guards were struck with terror, and became as dead
men. And the angel answering, said to the women: Fear not you; for I know
that you seek Jesus who was crucified. He is not here, for he is risen, as
he said. Come, and see the place where the Lord was laid. And going quickly,
tell ye his disciples that he is risen: and behold he will go before you
into Galilee; there you shall see him. Lo, I have foretold it to you. And
they went out quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great joy, running
to tell his disciples. And behold Jesus met them, saying: All hail. But they
came up and took hold of his feet, and adored him."
CHRISTUS RESURREXIT!
HE HAS RISEN!
Reading
From an ancient
homily for Holy Saturday
Something strange
is happening -- there is a great silence on earth today, a great silence
and stillness. The whole earth keeps silence because the King is asleep.
The earth trembled and is still because God has fallen asleep in the flesh
and he has raised up all who have slept ever since the world began. God has
died in the flesh and hell trembles with fear.
He has gone to search for our first parent, as for a lost sheep. Greatly
desiring to visit those who live in darkness and in the shadow of death,
he has gone to free from sorrow the captives Adam and Eve. The Lord approached
them bearing the Cross, the weapon that had won him the victory. At the sight
of him Adam, the first man he had created, struck his breast in terror and
cried out to everyone: 'My Lord be with you all.' Christ answered him: 'And
with your spirit.' He took him by the hand and raised him up, saying: 'Awake,
o sleeper, and rise from the dead, and Christ will give you light.'
I am your God, who for your sake have become your son. Out of love for you
and your descendants I now by my own authority command all who are held in
bondage to come forth, all who are in darkness to be enlightened, all who
are sleeping to arise. I order you, O sleeper, to awake. I did not create
you to be held a prisoner in Hell. Rise from the dead, for I am the life
of the dead. Rise up, work of my hands, you who were created in my image.
Rise, let us leave this place, for you are in Me and I in you; together we
form one person and cannot be separated.
For your sake I, your God, became your son; I, the Lord, took the form of
a slave; I, Whose home is above the heavens, descended to the earth and beneath
the earth. For your sake, for the sake of man, I became like a man without
help, free among the dead. For the sake of you, who left a garden, I was
betrayed to the Jews in a garden, and I was crucified in a garden.
See on My Face the spittle I received in order to restore to you the life
I once breathed into you. See there the marks of the blows I received in
order to refashion your warped nature in my image. On My back see the marks
of the scourging I endured to remove the burden of sin that weighs upon your
back. See My hands, nailed firmly to a tree, for you who once wickedly stretched
out your hand to a tree.
I slept on the cross and a sword pierced My side for you who slept in paradise
and brought forth Eve from your side. My side has healed the pain in yours.
My sleep will rouse you from your sleep in Hell. The sword that pierced Me
has sheathed the sword that was turned against you.
Rise. Let us leave this place. The enemy led you out of the earthly paradise.
I will not restore you to that paradise, but will enthrone you in heaven.
I forbade you the tree that was only a symbol of life, but see, I who am
life itself am now one with you. I appointed cherubim to guard you as slaves
are guarded, but now I make them worship you as God. The throne formed by
cherubim awaits you, its bearers swift and eager. The bridal chamber is adorned,
the banquet is ready, the eternal dwelling places are prepared, the treasure
houses of all good things lie open. The kingdom of heaven has been prepared
for you from all eternity.
Footnotes:
1 All over Spain, a similar custom prevails --
but on Ash Wednesday. The "entierro de la sardina" -- "burial of the sardine"
-- takes place as a mock funeral for the end of Carnival. A sardine,
either a real one, a small mock one, or a large effigy, is burned, buried,
or thrown into the river after a funeral procession consisting of black-clad
"mourners" who dramatically "cry" and keen all the way. Sadly, these days,
this custom, like most Carnival customs, is marked by debauchery.
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